PHIPPS, Presiding Judge.
The issue in this case is whether purchases of electronically-delivered computer software that were not subject to sales tax qualify as purchases of computer equipment within the meaning of OCGA § 48-8-3(68)(A) (which essentially allows certain types of companies to claim exemptions from or refunds of sales tax where they have purchased more than $15 million per calendar year in computer equipment), when the statute makes no distinction as to the manner in which the software was delivered or as to the general taxability of the sales. We hold that such software purchases do qualify and should be included in determining whether the $15 million threshold has been met.
ChoicePoint Services, Inc., a high-technology company, filed a claim with the Georgia Department of Revenue seeking a refund of sales tax the company paid when it purchased computer equipment in 2002 and 2003. In 2002, ChoicePoint purchased $13,857,985 in tangible computer equipment (tangible personal property and software delivered in tangible form) and $1,739,921 in computer software delivered electronically, for a total exceeding $15 million. In 2003, ChoicePoint purchased $13,299,781 in tangible computer equipment (tangible personal property and software delivered in tangible form) and $3,599,016 in software delivered electronically, for a total exceeding $15 million.
The claim was filed pursuant to OCGA § 48-8-3(68)(A) (the "high-technology exemption statute"), which exempts from Georgia sales and use tax "[t]he sale or lease of computer equipment to be incorporated into a facility or facilities in this state to any high-technology company . . . where such sale of computer equipment for any calendar year exceeds $15 million."
In calculating whether the minimum expenditure threshold for the exemption had been met in this case, the Department of Revenue included the tangible equipment purchases (including tangible software), but did not include the purchases of electronically-delivered (intangible) computer software. The Department of Revenue omitted from the calculations the purchases of electronically-delivered software, stating that those purchases had not been otherwise subject to sales tax. When the purchases of software delivered by electronic means were not included, ChoicePoint's purchases did not reach the statute's $15 million threshold. Accordingly, the Department of Revenue denied the refund claim.
ChoicePoint filed an action in superior court against the Department of Revenue and Bart L. Graham, in his official capacity as the Revenue Commissioner of the State of Georgia (collectively, the Department), seeking to recover a refund of the sales tax it had paid. The parties moved for summary judgment. The court granted the Department's motion and denied ChoicePoint's motion, stating at the hearing that the exemption statute applied only to sales of tangible equipment because only such sales were taxable. We granted ChoicePoint's application for discretionary appeal.
Summary judgment is proper when there is no genuine issue of material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
ChoicePoint argues that the superior court erred in holding that the phrase "sale of computer equipment" in OCGA § 48-8-3(68)(A) includes only taxable purchases of computer equipment, where the statute defines computer equipment as any computer hardware or software. We agree with ChoicePoint.
"In construing an act of the General Assembly, a court must first look to the literal meaning of the act. If the language is plain and does not lead to any absurd or impractical consequences, the court simply construes it according to its terms."
The high-technology exemption statute defines computer equipment as any computer
We are not convinced by the Department's argument that the high-technology exemption statute's phrase "sale of computer equipment" contemplates only property that is tangible and (therefore) subject to sales tax. The Department cites OCGA § 48-8-2(8)(A) (now (33)(a)), which defines "sale," in relevant part, as any transfer of title or possession of tangible personal property.
The Department's position ignores the definition of computer equipment provided within the high-technology exemption statute, which states that computer equipment includes any computer software. While the Department urges that the legislature's intent in enacting the sales and use tax article is, in relevant part, to exercise its power to tax the purchase or sale of tangible personal property,
Nor are we convinced by the Department's argument that OCGA § 48-8-3(68)(B) "makes clear that . . . tax must be collected" for a sale to qualify under the high-technology exemption statute. OCGA § 48-8-3(68)(B) provides, in pertinent part, that any person making a sale of computer equipment to a high-technology company as specified in subparagraph (A) of that paragraph shall collect the tax imposed on the sale unless the purchaser furnishes the seller with a certificate issued by the commissioner showing that the purchaser is entitled to purchase the computer equipment without paying the tax. Nothing in subparagraph (B) states that only purchases that have been subject to sales tax come within subparagraph (A). Statutes should be read according to their natural and most obvious import of the language, without resorting to subtle and forced constructions to limit or extend their operation. We will not adopt a tortured reading of an otherwise plain statute.
The Department also relies upon its administrative rules and regulations to support its position. It cites Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. r. 560-12-2-.107(1), which provides that the high-technology exemption statute applies to
First, Chapter 8 of Title 48 specifies those items and services that are exempt from sales and use tax; electronically-delivered software is not listed.
We realize that "the interpretation of a statute by an administrative agency which has the duty of enforcing or administering it is to be given great weight and deference."
Accordingly, the court erred in granting the Department's motion for summary judgment and in denying ChoicePoint's cross-motion for summary judgment.
Judgment reversed.
MILLER, C.J., and JOHNSON, J., concur.